Nódulos de Copeman, una causa frecuente pero poco conocida de dolor lumbar: presentación de un caso / Copeman nodules, a frequent but little known cause of low back pain; case report

Los nódulos de Copeman o lipomas episacrales son una entidad muy prevalente en la población general. Consisten en herniaciones de la grasa subfascial en la región episacral, a través de zonas debilitadas de la fascia toracodorsal suprayacente. Generalmente son bilaterales y simétricos, y solo en raras ocasiones dan manifestaciones clínicas. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 63 años que acude por dolor lumbar refractario a los tratamientos convencionales. La exploración ecográfica sugiere el diagnóstico de nódulos de Copeman. Se aborda el tratamiento de la paciente desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, decidiendo finalmente intervenirla quirúrgicamente. Tras la intervención la clínica remitió al poco tiempo, permitiendo a la paciente seguir una vida normal sin molestias ni tratamiento analgésico (AU)

Copeman nodules or episacral lipomas are a very prevalent entity in the general population. They consist of subfascial fat herniations at the episacral region, through weakened areas of the overlying thoracodorsal fascia. They are usually bilateral and symmetric. Only in rare cases they are the cause of clinical manifestations. We present the case of a 63-year-old woman who presents with lumbar pain refractory to conventional treatments. Ultrasound examination suggests the diagnosis of Copeman nodules. The treatment of the patient is approached from a multidisciplinary perspective, finally deciding to operate the patient. After the intervention, the symptoms remitted shortly, allowing the patient to continue a normal life without discomfort or analgesic treatment (AU)

[Copeman nodules, a frequent but little known cause of low back pain; case report]. / Nódulos de Copeman, una causa frecuente pero poco conocida de dolor lumbar: presentación de un caso.

Copeman nodules or episacral lipomas are a very prevalent entity in the general population. They consist of subfascial fat herniations at the episacral region, through weakened areas of the overlying thoracodorsal fascia. They are usually bilateral and symmetric. Only in rare cases they are the cause of clinical manifestations. We present the case of a 63-year-old woman who presents with lumbar pain refractory to conventional treatments. Ultrasound examination suggests the diagnosis of Copeman nodules. The treatment of the patient is approached from a multidisciplinary perspective, finally deciding to operate the patient. After the intervention, the symptoms remitted shortly, allowing the patient to continue a normal life without discomfort or analgesic treatment.

Chemical synthesis and optical, structural, and surface characterization of InP-In2O3 quantum dots.

InP-In2O3 colloidal quantum dots (QDs) synthesized by a single-step chemical method without injection of hot precursors (one-pot) were investigated. Specifically, the effect of the tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine, P(TMS)3, precursor concentration on the QDs properties was studied to effectively control the size and shape of the samples with a minimum size dispersion. The effect of the P(TMS)3 precursor concentration on the optical, structural, chemical surface, and electronic properties of InP-In2O3 QDs is discussed. The absorption spectra of InP-In2O3 colloids, obtained by both UV-Vis spectrophotometry and photoacoustic spectroscopy, showed a red-shift in the high-energy regime as the concentration of the P(TMS)3 increased. In addition, these results were used to determine the band-gap energy of the InP-In2O3 nanoparticles, which changed between 2.0 and 2.9 eV. This was confirmed by Photoluminescence spectroscopy, where a broad-band emission displayed from 2.0 to 2.9 eV is associated with the excitonic transition of the InP and In2O3 QDs. In2O3 and InP QDs with diameters ranging approximately from 8 to 10 nm and 6 to 9 nm were respectively found by HR-TEM. The formation of the InP and In2O3 phases was confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

Determination of the Dependence of Thermal Diffusivity with Moringa Concentration by Thermal Lens as a Sensitive Experimental Technique.

The use of photothermal techniques has become of special importance due to their versatile application in the thermal characterization of materials. Therefore, the thermal lens technique in the mismatched dual-beam mode is an alternative, sensitive and non-evasive tool that was used in this research to determine the thermal diffusivity of Moringa oleifera. The dual arrangement of the thermal lens technique is based on the use of an Ar+Xe excitation laser (422 nm) and a He-Ne laser (632 nm) test laser. Moringa solutions were prepared by green synthesis with different concentrations ranging from 1.56 mg·mL-1, 3.12 mg·mL-1, 6.25 mg·mL-1 to 12.50 mg·mL-1. Different optical techniques (UV-vis, FTIR, XPS and EDS) were used to characterize the Moringa leaf powders. Results showed that the increase of thermal diffusivity could be related to the presence of functional groups and metallic elements in Moringa elemental composition. In this work, it was found that the thermal diffusivity of Moringa increases with increasing concentration. This study will be useful for application in heat transport and drug release.

Traumatismo ungueal, ¿qué es? y ¿cómo tratarlo? / Nail trauma, what is it? and how to treat it?

La placa ungueal es una capa de queratina que protege el dorso de los extremos distales de los dedos, tanto de las manos como de los pies. Es un aparato con funciones muy importantes, ya que estabiliza la porción distal del dedo y aporta resistencia al pulpejo, contribuyendo de esta manera en la manipulación de pequeños objetos y en el tacto fino. Los traumatismos ungueales constituyen un motivo de consulta en los servicios de urgencias tanto hospitalarias como de atención primaria, llegando a representar hasta el 8% de las urgencias de la mano. El tratamiento inadecuado de estos traumatismos puede generar importantes secuelas estéticas y funcionales, muy complejas incluso de corregir posteriormente (uñas distróficas, disminución de la discriminación entre 2 puntos...). Las 2 lesiones más frecuentes son el hematoma subungueal y la avulsión ungueal, con sus diferentes grados de afectación ósea subyacente

The nail plate is a layer of keratin that protects the back of the ends of the fingers and toes. It is a system with many important functions, since it stabilises the distal portion of the finger and toe and provides resistance to the fleshy part, thus contributing to the handling of small objects and fine sense of touch. Nail injuries are a reason for visits to Emergency Departments and Primary Care, representing up to 8% of hand emergencies. The inappropriate treatment of these injuries can lead to important aesthetic and functional sequelae. These can be very complex even to correct later (dystrophic nails, decrease in discrimination between 2 points...). The 2 most common lesions are subungual haematoma and subungual avulsion, with their different degrees of adjacent bone involvement

[Nail trauma, what is it? and how to treat it?] / Traumatismo ungueal, ¿qué es? y ¿cómo tratarlo?

The nail plate is a layer of keratin that protects the back of the ends of the fingers and toes. It is a system with many important functions, since it stabilises the distal portion of the finger and toe and provides resistance to the fleshy part, thus contributing to the handling of small objects and fine sense of touch. Nail injuries are a reason for visits to Emergency Departments and Primary Care, representing up to 8% of hand emergencies. The inappropriate treatment of these injuries can lead to important aesthetic and functional sequelae. These can be very complex even to correct later (dystrophic nails, decrease in discrimination between 2 points…). The 2 most common lesions are subungual haematoma and subungual avulsion, with their different degrees of adjacent bone involvement.

Forecasting the global demand for HIV monitoring and diagnostic tests: A 2016-2021 analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Despite considerable progress, just over half of the 37 million people eligible to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) have accessed treatment and millions of HIV-positive people still do not know their status. With demand for ART continuing to grow, meeting the ambitious 90-90-90 HIV treatment targets will depend on improved access to high-quality diagnostics to both diagnose infection and monitor treatment adherence in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Robust projections of future demand for CD4, viral load (VL), HIV early-infant-diagnosis (EID) tests and HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are needed as scale-up continues. METHODS: We estimate the current coverage for HIV diagnostics and project future demand to 2021 using a consolidated forecast using data on past coverage and current demand from a number of sources, from 130 predominantly LMIC countries. RESULTS: We forecast that the overall number of CD4 tests is expected to decline between now and 2021 as more countries adopt test-and-treat and shift to VL testing for patient monitoring. Our consolidated forecast projects a gradual decline in demand for CD4 tests to 16.6 million by 2021. We anticipate that demand for VL tests will increase to 28.5 million by 2021, reflecting the increasing number of people who will receive ART and the adoption of VL testing for patient monitoring. We expect that the demand for EID tests will grow more rapidly than in past years, driven by the implementation of testing at birth in programmes globally, in line with WHO guideline recommendations, doubling to 2.1 million tests by 2021. Demand for rapid diagnostic tests is also likely to increase, reaching 509 million tests by 2021. DISCUSSION: In order to achieve the ambitious 90-90-90 targets, it will be essential to maintain and improve access to CD4, VL, EID tests and RDTs. These projections provide insight into the global demand we can expect to see for these HIV monitoring and diagnostic tests, both in relation to historical trends, and the 90-90-90 targets. Our projections will better enable producers to ensure adequate supply, and to support procurement organisations in planning future funding and purchase plans to meet the anticipated demand. The findings highlight the ongoing need for governments and international funding bodies to prioritise improving capacity and access to HIV diagnostic and monitoring technologies in line with demand.

Rara fractura de estrés: fractura longitudinal del fémur / Rare stress fracture: longitudinal fracture of the femur

Paciente de 42 años que mientras corría presentó dolor en la zona posterolateral de la rodilla derecha. Tras realizarse una resonancia magnética (RM) en su mutua, con diagnóstico de posible osteosarcoma o sarcoma de Ewing, es remitido a nuestro centro para completar el estudio con tomografía computarizada, en la que se observa una imagen lineal hipodensa cortical longitudinal acompañada de reacción perióstica continua, homogénea y sólida, sin visualizarse masa clara de partes blandas, que en el contexto del paciente sugiere una fractura de estrés por fatiga en el tercio distal de la diáfisis femoral. Este tipo de fractura y en esta localización es muy rara. Como conclusión, las fracturas de estrés pueden producir alteraciones que, por imagen, es posible confundir con un proceso agresivo. Actualmente la RM es el método de imagen más sensible y específico para su diagnóstico

42-year-old man with pain in the posterolateral region of the right knee that began while he was running. Initially, it was diagnosed by magnetic resonance (MR) as a possible aggressive process (osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma) but with computed tomography it was noted a cortical hypodense linear longitudinal image with a continuous, homogeneous and solid periosteal reaction without clear soft tissue mass that in this patient suggest a longitudinal distal femoral fatigue stress fracture. This type of fracture at this location is very rare. Stress fractures are entities that can be confused with an agressive process. MR iscurrently the most sensitive and specific imaging method for its diagnosis

Rare stress fracture: longitudinal fracture of the femur. / Rara fractura de estrés: fractura longitudinal del fémur.

42-year-old man with pain in the posterolateral region of the right knee that began while he was running. Initially, it was diagnosed by magnetic resonance (MR) as a possible aggressive process (osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma) but with computed tomography it was noted a cortical hypodense linear longitudinal image with a continuous, homogeneous and solid periosteal reaction without clear soft tissue mass that in this patient suggest a longitudinal distal femoral fatigue stress fracture. This type of fracture at this location is very rare. Stress fractures are entities that can be confused with an agressive process. MR iscurrently the most sensitive and specific imaging method for its diagnosis.

Comparative study of different carbon-supported Fe2O3-Pt catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.

One of the challenges in electrocatalysis is the adequate dispersion of the catalyst on an appropriate porous support matrix, being up to now the most commonly used the carbon-based supports. To overcome this challenge, carbon supports must first be functionalized to guide the catalyst's nucleation, thereby, improving the dispersion and allowing the use of smaller amount of the catalyst material to achieve a higher electrochemically active surface area. This study present the effect of functionalized Vulcan carbon XC72 (FVC) and functionalized Black Pearl carbon (FBPC) as supports on the catalytic activity of decorated Fe2O3 with Pt. Both carbons were functionalized with HNO3 and subsequently treated with ethanolamine. Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction and decorated with platinum by epitaxial growth. Pt and Fe2O3 structural phases were identified by XRD and XPS; the Pt content was measured by XPS, and results showed to a high Pt content in Fe2O3-Pt/FBPC. TEM micrographs reveal nanoparticles with an average size of 2 nm in both supported catalysts. The Fe2O3-Pt/FVC catalyst presents the highest specific activity and mass activity, 0.21 mA cm-2Pt and 140 mA mgPt-1, respectively, associated to the appropriate distribution of platinum on the Fe2O3 nanoparticles.

IFITM3 and severe influenza virus infection. No evidence of genetic association.

Influenza virus infection (IVI) is typically subclinical or causes a self-limiting upper respiratory disease. However, in a small subset of patients IVI rapidly progresses to primary viral pneumonia (PVP) with respiratory failure; a minority of patients require intensive care unit admission. Inherited and acquired variability in host immune responses may influence susceptibility and outcome of IVI. However, the molecular basis of such human factors remains largely elusive. It has been proposed that homozygosity for IFITM3 rs12252-C is associated with a population-attributable risk of 5.4 % for severe IVI in Northern Europeans and 54.3 % for severe H1N1pdm infection in Chinese. A total of 148 patients with confirmed IVI were considered for recruitment; 118 Spanish patients (60 of them hospitalized with PVP) and 246 healthy Spanish individuals were finally included in the statistical analysis. PCR-RFLP was used with confirmation by Sanger sequencing. The allele frequency for rs12252-C was found to be 3.5 % among the general Spanish population. We found no rs12252-C homozygous individuals in our control group. The only Spanish patient homozygous for rs12252-C had a neurological disorder (a known risk factor for severe IVI) and mild influenza. Our data do not suggest a role of rs12252-C in the development of severe IVI in our population. These data may be relevant to recognize whether patients homozygous for rs12252-C are at risk of severe influenza, and hence require individualized measures in the case of IVI.

Altered expression and signalling of EP2 receptor in nasal polyps of AERD patients: role in inflammation and remodelling.

BACKGROUND: Down-regulation of the E-prostanoid (EP)2 receptor has been reported in aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). We aimed to evaluate the expression and activation of EP receptors in AERD and their role in prostaglandin (PG) E2 signalling. METHODS: Samples were obtained from nasal mucosa of control subjects (NM-C, n=7) and from nasal polyps of AERD patients (NP-AERD, n=7). Expression of EP1-4 was assessed at baseline. Fibroblasts were stimulated with receptor agonists to measure cAMP levels, cell proliferation and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release. RESULTS: NM-C and NP-AERD samples and fibroblasts expressed EP2, EP3 and EP4 at baseline. Lower expression of EP2 and higher expression of EP4 was observed in NP-AERD compared with NM-C. Stimulation with PGE2 and butaprost caused a higher increase in cAMP in NM-C than in NP-AERD. On the contrary, CAY10598 produced a higher production of cAMP in NP-AERD compared with NM-C. The anti-proliferative effect of PGE2 and butaprost was lower in NP-AERD than in NM-C fibroblasts. Similarly, the capacity of PGE2 and butaprost to inhibit GM-CSF release was lower in NP-AERD than in NM-C. CONCLUSIONS: The altered expression of EP2 in AERD may contribute to reduce the capacity of PGE2 to mediate anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects.

Changes in soil sealing in Guadalajara (Spain): cartography with LANDSAT images.

The great urban and industrial development of the towns surrounding Madrid has caused an irreversible and rapid soil loss. In this paper, soil sealed evolution in Guadalajara province during the past 15 years, mainly in the capital, industrial district and small municipalities near Madrid, has been studied. This province has experimented a sharp reduction of the most fertile soils, located on the Henares valley, due to the action of new models of local and regional development. The main goal of this paper is the mapping of the covered soils in a pilot area of Spain. Supervised classification of Landsat images from 1989 to 2002 has been carried out. Geo-referred image analysis allows us to detect precisely the amount of covered soils and where this phenomenon has taken place.

¿Está infradiagnosticada la “tinea pedis”en pediatría? Estudio en una población escolar de Barcelona / Is tinea pedis underdiagnosed in children? Study in Barcelona school children

La tiña de los pies es menos frecuente en el niño que en el adulto y raramente aparece antes de los 4 años. Para identificar la prevalencia de este tipo de tiñas entre escolares se planificó un estudio en 39 escuelas del distrito que es área de referencia del Hospital del Mar de Barcelona. Se examinaron 2.613 escolares de edades comprendidas entre los 3 y 15 años. Se detectaron 72 casos con cultivo positivo a dermatófitos, 3 padecían conjuntamente afectación ungueal. La prevalencia era del 2,75% y aumentaba con la edad: un 0,86% entre los 3 y 5 años, un 2,08% entre los 10 y 12 años, y un 7,04% entre los 13 y 15 años. Los agentes fueron Trichophyton mentagrophytes (48,6%), J: rubrum (40,27%), Epidermophyton mophyton floccosum(6,94%y) J:t onsurans( 4,16%). De los 72 casos de dermatofitosis, sólo 49 tenían lesiones clínicas evidentes. Sólo 19 de los 49 con manifestacionesc línicas tenían conocimiento de sus lesiones, y 8 habían realizado tratamiento antifúngico de forma irregular unos meses antes. Posibles razones del bajo nivel diagnóstico podrían estar en: a) el bajo interés familiar por las lesiones, al no haber sido verbalizadas, y ser valoradas como triviales; b) la consideración de situación propia de la edad y asociada a la actividad deportiva; c) reducida sintomatología subjetiva; d) falta de práctica exploratoria sistemática de zonas interdigitales de los pies; e) la falta de un correcto diagnóstico diferencial; f) bajo interés de los adolescentes en acudir a visitas pediátricas; y g) autodiagnóstico y automedicación

Tinea pedís is less common in children than in adults and rarely appears before the age of tour years. A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of this type of tinea in schoolc hildren in BarcelonaS, pain. A total of 2,613s choocl hildrenw ith the agesf rom 3 to 15, from 39 schools located in the municipal district in the vicinity of the hospital, were examinedto identity the presence of dermatophytogis of the feet. Seventy-two had positive cultures for tínea pedis and dermatophytes, while in three, the nail was involved as well. The overall prevalence was 2.75%, and increased with age, being 0.86% in 3 to 5-year-olds, 2.08% in 10 to 12-year-old and 7.04% in 13 to 15-year-old. The fungi found were Tríchophyton mentagrophytes (48.6%),T rubrum( 40.27%)Epidermophyton floccosum (6.94%) and T. tonsurans(4.16%).Of these 72 children, 49 had interdigital lesions, only 19 of them were aware of their presence and 8 had received antifungal therapy previously, although not consistently. Although the incidence of tinea pedís is low in children, we think that it is underdiagnose. Possible reasons for this could be the limited interest in the lesions on the part of parents, who consider them trivial and do not mention them during physical examinations; the consideration that the condition is characteristic of the age group and is associated with sports and the generalized use of athletic foot wear, the lack of proper foot hygiene after doing sports; the fact that there are few subjective symptoms; the failure on the part of the pediatrician to systematically and carefully examine the interdigital skin of the feet of healthy children; the lack of an accurate differential diagnosis; the reluctance of adolescents to visit the pediatrician; self-diagnosis and self-medication

Validation of a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of five sunscreens in lotion preparation.

The aim of this research was to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of five sunscreens, namely benzophenone-3 (B-3), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM), octyl methoxycinnamate (OM), octyl salicylate (OS) and homosalate (HS). The separation and quantitative determination was made by HPLC at 40 +/-1 degrees C with a gradient elution from 10% to 100% mobile phase B in mobile phase A. The gradient liquid chromatographic system constituted of mobile phase A [acetonitrile : water (10 : 90 v/v)] and mobile phase B [acetonitrile : water (90 : 10 v/v)], at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) and ultraviolet detection at 310 nm. The separation was obtained with two Waters reversed phase columns: Novapack C-18 and Symmetry((R)) C-18 connected in series. All sunscreens were efficiently separated within 17 min. The coefficient of correlation and average recovery for B-3, BM, OM, OS and HS were 0.9798 and 98.5%, 0.9672 and 98.8%, 0.9922 and 99.1%, 0.9961 and 98.9% and 0.9909 and 99.4% respectively. The relative standard deviations obtained were between 1.07% and 2.44%. The excipients did not interfere in the analysis. The results showed that the proposed method could be used for rapid and simultaneous determination of B-3, BM, OM, OS and HS in sunscreen lotions with precision, accuracy and specificity.

Influencia de la serología de la hepatitis viral crónica sobre los niveles de eritropoyetina endógena en los pacientes en hemodiálisis / Influence of serology of the chronic viral hepatitis on the levels of endogenous erythropoietin in the patients in hemodialysis

Nos propusimos conocer si la hepatitis viral crónica afecta la concentración sérica de la eritropoyetina endógena en los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal sometidos a tratamiento hemodialítico. Estudiamos a 40 pacientes pertenecientes a la Unidad de Hemodiálisis Fresenius Medical Care de Venezuela, con edades entre los 22 a 77 años, sin haber presentado sangramiento activo, ni haber recibido eritropoyetina humana recombinante ni transfusiones de sangre en los últimos tres meses. El análisis de eritropoyetina se efectuó por quimioluminiscencia. Los valores se expresaron en media aritmética ± DE, como sigue: Core: 8,8 ± 2,03 mU/mL; hepatitis B antígeno de superficie positivo y core positivo: 12,45 ± 1,85 mU/mL; hepatitis C: 15,33 ± 2,91 mU/mL; hepatitis B más hepatitis C: 12,55 ± 3,06m U/mL. El grupo control: 12 ± 2,47 mU/mL (no estadísticamente significativo). Concluimos que en los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal en tratamiento hemodialítico crónico, la hepatitis crónica por VHB o VHC, no produce modificaciones de los niveles séricos de eritropoyetina endógena

Procedimiento metodológico para el control y evaluación del desarrollo orgánico y del crecimiento para la detención de futuros baloncetistas en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus

La preparación de una reserva deportiva válida aborda un gran número de cuestiones de carácter organizativos, metodológico y científico, así como en la regulación de los jóvenes deportistas, desempeñan un papel importante conocimiento de las regulaciones del crecimiento y formación del organismo...[AU]

Efecto de la hidralazina sobre la vasoconstricción pulmonar hipóxica en la arteria pulmonar principal de rata / Effect of the hydralazine on the hypoxia lung vaso constriction in the main lung artery of rat

Estudiamos la vasoconstricción inducida por hipoxia (VPH) en la arteria pulmonar (AP) de la rata, así como el efecto que tienen sobre esta el verapamil (VE) y la hidralazina (HZ). Se montaron anillos de AP de ratas Sprague-Dawley adultas, de 3 mm de longitud, en un baño con solución de Kreb's-Henseleit, a 37º C, pH= 7,3-7,4 y burbujeada con 95 por ciento O2 5 por ciento CO2. Se aplicaron 2 gramos de tensión basal. Luego de estabilización se indujo contracción de la preparación con norepinefrina (NE), 3X10 M. Durante la meseta se cambió el burbujeo por 95 por ciento N2, 5 por ciento CO2 y se obtuvo la VPH sobrepuesta. Luego de relajar la preparación en normoxia, se añadió HZ (5 X 10 M) y media hora después se contrajo nuevamente con NE y se indujo VPH. Esta respuesta disminuyó significativamente en presencia de HZ, pero no en presencia de verapamil (1 X 10 M), cuando se añadió en un protocolo similar. Conclusión: la VPH no es alterada por VE pero se reduce significativamente en presencia de HZ

Normalización de la medición de la actividad de la Na+/K+-ATPasa en glóbulos rojos humanos / Normalization of the measurement activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase in human erythrocytes

Los fantasmas de glóbulos rojos (FGR) humanos obtenidos de sujetos sanos muestran actividad de la Na+/K+-ATpasa de 1,68 ñ 0,08 nmoles Pi/mg proteína x min (n=65; edad: 30 a 60 años). No hubo diferencias entre sexos, tampoco entre muestras obtenidas en ayuno o postprandiales. Comprobamos que la sangre debe mantenerse en frío (0ºC) si no es procesada de inmediato. Obtenidos los FGR a 0ºC, la actividad enzimática no varía entre el momento de la toma y las 4 h; pero si varía significativamente a las 24 y 48 h. Los FGR conservados a -40ºC, mantienen la actividad por 48 h. En dos voluntarios sanos tratados con digoxina por una semana observamos una disminución en la actividad enzimática el primer día (17 por ciento y 22 por ciento de control, respectivamente). Los niveles de digoxina en suero no mostraron paralelismo con la actividad enzimática y fueron siempre menores de 0,7 ng/ml. Conclusión: Se dan las pautas metodológicas para obtener muestras útiles en clínica

Efecto de distintas maniobras inotrópicas sobre la potenciación post-reposo en aurícula izquierda aislada de ratas / Effect of differrent inotrophics manoeuvre on the post-rest in isolation left atrium of rats

Se estudió la potenciación post-reposo (PPR) en aurículas izquierdas de rata, en un baño con solución de tyrode, a 35ºC, burbujeadas con 95 por ciento 02: 5 por ciento CO2. La estimulación basal (1Hz) se interrumpió por períodos de 2,4,8,64,128 segundos y se obtuvo una curva de potenciación de la contracción en función del intervalo de reposo (IR). En condiciones control la contracción fue aumentando con IR hasta los 32 S y luego se mantuvo estable. Un aumento de [Ca2+]e de 1,7 a 3,4mM, no cambió esta cinética. La disminución de [Ca2+]e a 0,85 mM disminuyó la contracción basal (CB) pero se mantuvo la PPR. La disminución de [Na+]e, de 145 a 55mM, aumentó la CB e inhibió la PPR. El cd2+ (0,02mM) y Ni2+ (0,2mM) disminuyeron CB sin variar la PPR. El añadir Mn2+ (0,2mM) fue la única maniobra inotrópica que cambió la cinética de la PPR, ya que no fue incrementado hasta los 128s de intervalo de reposo sin llegar a estabilizarse. Conclusiones: la PPR depende del Ca2+ contenido en el SER. Su cinética varió cuando se añadió Mn al baño, lo que sugiere que este bloqueante puede alterar el movimiento del Ca2+ dentro del RS